STATs and ChIPs- Learning A Lesson Or Two About Transcriptional Activation

During my childhood, my family and I spent many a vacation in the Swiss Alps.  From the mountain tops I used to look out into the horizon as far as the eye could see with peak upon peak stretching out into the distance.  If I was lucky, I would have a map that allowed me to identify each peak, perhaps even distinguish the highest from the lowest and thus really get a sense that I understood the underlying topography.  However, I quickly realized how little I actually knew about the vast, undulating Swiss countryside.  What I had initially observed as a homogenous ‘mat’ of peaks stretching out into the horizon was in fact a rippling of deep valleys that would make an afternoon hike anything but a walk in the breeze. 

 
Looking back on these experiences I am struck by how closely they reflect the landscape of modern science— a broad mat of detailed knowledge with its own peaks of specialization.  I am reminded of the words of writer Bill Bryson who described science as “tens of thousands of people that do tiny, tiny things that all accrete into a larger body of knowledge” (1).  Continue reading “STATs and ChIPs- Learning A Lesson Or Two About Transcriptional Activation”

Cell-Free Protein Synthesis

Cell-free protein synthesis (aka: in vitro translation) refers to protein production in vitro using lysates that provide the cellular machinery necessary for synthesis. Ribosomes, tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, initiation/elongation/termination factors, GTP, ATP, Mg2+ and K+ are among the requirements for a translation system. These are provided by lysates, which can be from prokaryotic or eukaryotic sources, depending on your requirements.

Cell-free protein synthesis is most commonly used for generating protein for study of things like:

Continue reading “Cell-Free Protein Synthesis”