From Fins to Genes: DNA Barcoding Unlocks Marine Diversity Along Mozambique’s Coast

Posted on by Michele Arduengo
DNA Barcding unlocks marine diversity along Mozambique's coast

The Mozambique Channel, which is located between the Madagascar and Mozambique on the African coast, is an important hot spot for biodiversity because its many coastal ecosystems provide a range of habitats that support diverse plant and animal species. Understanding the biodiversity of an ecosystem, particularly biodiversity hot spots, is important for many reasons. For marine systems, accurate classification and reporting of fish species supports fisheries research, natural resource surveys, forensic studies, conservation studies, and enables discovery of new or under-reported species. Studies have been limited along the west coast of Africa and are only now in their early stages.

A 2024 research study by Muhala and colleagues applied DNA barcoding to evaluate the composition of marine and coastal fish diversity from the Mozambican coast. In the study, the Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit was used to extract DNA from both teleost (ray-finned) and elasmobranch (sharks, rays and skates) fish classes, with a total of 143 species sampled from local artisanal fisheries along the Mozambican coast. The samples were primarily composed of muscle or fin tissues, which are ideal for genetic analysis due to their higher DNA yield. These tissue samples were collected from various fish species captured along the coast of Mozambique, stored in ethanol (96%) to preserve DNA integrity, and then processed using the Wizard kit. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the muscle or fin tissues, as per the manufacturer’s protocol. This method ensures the isolation of high-quality genomic DNA, which is crucial for subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing. The COI gene (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) was targeted for DNA barcoding, enabling species identification and assessment of genetic diversity.

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Extreme Makeover, Epidemic Edition: Can Ants Modify Their Nests for Survival?  

Posted on by Shannon Sindermann
Ants on a hill

Imagine if your first instinct during an epidemic wasn’t to wear a mask or stock up on groceries, but instead to start rearranging and remodeling your house. As it turns out, researchers have found that black garden ants (Lasius niger) do exactly that when confronted with the threat of disease. These tiny architects instinctively spring into action, redesigning their nests in various ways to slow the spread of infection and protect their crowded colonies where diseases can easily spread.  

Read more about the research and see how these findings offer insights into how spatial changes – both in ants and potentially in human environments – can help limit the risks of infection.  

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Visualize Protein:Protein Interactions with Bioluminescence Imaging

Posted on by Simon Moe

If you’re familiar with bioluminescence, you’ve probably used it in plate-based experiments to track various biological processes. You understand it provides distinct advantages over traditional fluorescence assays, particularly when it comes to sensitivity. However, there’s always that one nagging question: how representative is the signal on a cell-to-cell level?

Traditional approaches to decipher cell-to-cell signal rely on complex, time-intensive measures that only approximated the findings acquired through bioluminescence. That’s where the GloMax® Galaxy Bioluminescence Imager comes in. This new tool will enhance your ability to visualize proteins using NanoLuc® technology, going beyond simple numeric outputs to reveal what’s happening in individual cells.

NanoLuc® technology is well-known for its ability to assist in detecting subtle protein interactions in complex biological systems. This bright luminescent enzyme enables a much broader linear range than fluorescence, improving detection of small changes in protein activity, such as proteins interacting. Microplate readers measuring NanoLuc® assays rely on signal generated from many cells. This results in an approximation of what is occurring biologically. Truly validating those luminescent readings within a cell population has been challenging—until now. The GloMax® Galaxy allows you to perform bioluminescence imaging, moving beyond the numbers, offering the power to visualize protein interactions directly.

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Understanding the Promise of Immunotherapy in Veterinary Medicine

Posted on by Promega

Immunotherapy in veterinary medicine is a rapidly evolving field that leverages the immune system to fight diseases. These therapies are particularly effective in treating various cancers, including lymphomas, mast cell tumors, melanomas, and osteosarcomas. Beyond cancer, immunotherapies are also being explored for their potential in managing chronic inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmune disorders where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues. While traditionally, veterinary treatments have focused on surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, the advent of immunotherapy offers a more targeted approach, particularly for conditions like cancer.  

This targeted approach not only minimizes collateral damage to healthy tissues but also offers the potential for longer-lasting protection by training the immune system to recognize and fight off recurrence of the disease. The interest in immunotherapies has grown in tandem with advancements in human oncology, leading to a crossover of technologies and methodologies into veterinary applications. 

How Does Immunotherapy Work?

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Lab Safety: The Catalyst for Every Great Experiment 

Posted on by Riley Bell

In any laboratory environment, safety is imperative. From conducting basic research to handling hazardous chemicals, the associated risks require strict attention to safety protocols and procedures. And lab safety isn’t just about protecting yourself—it’s about ensuring the well-being of your colleagues or classmates, upholding the integrity of experiments, and protecting your environment. Here are some tips on how you can protect yourself and your surroundings in the lab.

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iGEM Grant Winners Tackle Tough Problems in Synthetic Biology

Posted on by Anna Bennett
Conceptual image depicting dna strands intertwined with robotic parts.

In June, Promega proudly announced the ten winners of the 2024 Promega iGEM Grant. These extraordinary teams have been hard at work preparing for the iGEM Grand Jamboree, which will take place from October 23-26, 2024, in Paris, France. We interviewed a handful of this year’s grant recipients to learn more about their projects and journeys they’ve taken to reach this exciting milestone. Below are stories from four of the winning teams.

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The Buzz on Biodiversity: Exploring Pollinator Diversity Through Mitochondrial DNA Analysis

Posted on by Michele Arduengo

Almost three-quarters of the major crop plants across the globe depend on some kind of pollinator activity, and over one-third of the worldwide crop production is affected by bees, birds, bats, and other pollinators such as beetles, moths and butterflies (1). The economic impact of pollinators is tremendous: Between $235–577 billion dollars of global annual food production relies on the activity of pollinators (2).  Nearly 200,000 species of animals act as pollinators, including some 20,000 species of bees (1). Some of the relationships between pollinators and their target plants are highly specific, like that between fig plants and the wasps that pollinate them. Female fig wasps pollinate the flowers of fig plants while laying their eggs in the flower. The hatched wasp larvae feed on some, but not all, of the seeds produced by fertilization. Most of the 700 fig plants known are each pollinated by only one or a few specific wasp species (3). These complex relationships are one reason pollinator diversity is critical.

Measuring the Success of Conservation Legislation

A bee pollinates flowers in a field. Pollinator diversity is a critical aspect of ecosystems.
A bee pollinates the lavender flowers.

We are now beginning to recognize how critical pollinator diversity is to our own survival, and many governments, from the local level to the national level are enacting policies and legislation to help protect endangered or threatened pollinator species. However, ecosystems and biodiversity are complex subjects that make measuring and attributing meaningful progress on conservation difficult. Not only are there multiple variables in every instance, but determining the baseline starting point before the legislation is difficult. However, there are dramatic examples of success in saving species through legislative and regulatory action. The recovery of the bald eagle and other raptor populations in the United States after banning the use of DDT is one such example (4).

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Mpox—The Latest Zoonotic Virus Making Headlines

Posted on by Kelly Grooms

Mpox (formerly known as Monkeypox; 1) has been making the news lately. The declaration by the WHO Director-General naming mpox a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC; 2) has a lot of people wondering what it is, how it spreads and how concerned they should be. Understandably, we are all a little jumpy when we start hearing about a new viral disease, but the virus that causes mpox (monkeypox virus) isn’t new.

Artists rendering of monkeypox on a torso.

A member of the Poxviridae family, the monkeypox virus is closely related to the variola virus that causes smallpox; however, monkeypox causes milder symptoms and is less fatal (1). While the virus gained its unfortunate name from its discovery in monkeys in 1958 (3), the original source of the disease remains unknown. The virus exists in a wide range of mammals including rodents, anteaters, hedgehogs, prairie dogs, squirrels and shrews (4) and can spread to humans through close contact with an infected individual or animal. Symptoms can include fever, headache, muscle and back pain, swollen lymph nodes, chills and exhaustion (3). The most distinguishing symptom is the blister-like rash.

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Promega Summer Interns Contribute Skills and Ideas from Logistics to R&D

Posted on by Jordan Villanueva

Internships at Promega aren’t about getting coffee for your boss or shredding thousands of old papers. Promega interns take responsibility for complex projects that create notable impacts for their teams, our customers, or Promega as a whole.

Promega hosted 56 interns over the summer in 2024. These students came with unique skills in science, engineering, marketing, IT and so much more. We asked several of them to write about the work they did, as well as the results and benefits they created.

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High School Interns Get Hands-On Experience in Promega R&D

Posted on by Jordan Villanueva
High school interns Tessara Clark and Evelyn Zadzilka work in the lab during their Maydm internships in Promega R&D
Tess (left) and Evie (right) spent the summer after high school graduation interning in Promega R&D.

If she weren’t working at Promega, Evie Zadzilka probably would’ve spent the summer after high school graduation taking summer classes before reporting to her freshman year at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She runs a small art business, and she might’ve spent more time taking commissions.

Instead, Evie spent the summer before college as an intern in Promega R&D, honing her pipetting skills as she learns about primer design and contributing to the development of a new Promega assay.

“I’ve had a great time,” she says. “I’ll definitely take a lot with me from this experience. I’m so glad I got to do it.”

Evie and her fellow intern Tess Clark were the two high school-aged interns placed at Promega through a relationship with a Madison-based nonprofit called Maydm. This organization helps girls and youth of color in grades 6-12 prepare for careers in STEM by providing educational opportunities and experiences. Through school and summer programs, they strive to disrupt systemic barriers by empowering students like Evie to pursue their dreams as entrepreneurs, developers, engineers and more.

“This will really boost my confidence when I get into lab work next year,” Evie says.

High School Internships at Promega

Tessara Clark and Evelyn Zadzilka work in the lab during their Maydm high school internships in Promega R&D
Tess and Evie were placed in Promega internships through the non-profit organization Maydm.

During their senior year of high school, Tess and Evie were both enrolled in dual-credit courses through Madison College. These classes made them eligible to apply for a high school internship through Maydm.

“I’ve been interested in research for a very long time,” says Tess, another recent school graduate preparing to enter the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “I’m going to major in physics next year, and I don’t have many ties to the biotechnology or chemistry I’ve worked with at Promega. But I wanted hands-on lab experience, so that’s how I ended up here.”

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